Laické rytierske rády v Uhorsku 14. - 20. storočia (Stav a perspektívy výskumu)

The Lay Orders of Knighthood in Hungary of 14th- 20th century (Status and perspectives of research)

Autor: GRAUS Igor

GRAUS, Igor: Laické rytierske rády v Uhorsku 14. - 20. storočia (Stav a perspektívy výskumu)

GRAUS, Igor: The Lay Orders of Knighthood in Hungary of 14th- 20th century (Status and Perspectives of Research).

Vojenská história, 3, 2, 1999, pp. 3 – 27.

The lay orders of the knighthood which were founded on the European continent since the beginning of 14th century despite prohibitions imposed by the church, acted as a tool for integrating nobility from different territories and they supported political objectives of their founders. Several lay orders of the knighthood of various categories were founded or acted on the territory of the Hungarian Kingdom since the Middle Ages until the end of the monarchy in 20th century - the Order or Fraternal Society of knighthood of St. George in 1325/26, the oldest known lay order of knighthood so far in Europe, then the Order of the Ship (1381), the Order or Society of the Dragon (1408), the Order of the Disciplines or the White Eagle (1433), the Order of the'Golden Fleece (1430) and the Order of the Golden Spur (probably 14th century). In general, the author of the study provides characteristics of the lay orders of the knighthood phenomenon, analyses the problems of establishing the knighthood style of life in Hungary and carefully summarises today’s knowledge on the above mentioned orders. At the same time, he raises the need of their scientific research, suggests fundamental questions as well as reality and possibility of this research in relation to adverse state of maintaining sources.

Key words: Military History. Hungary. Chivalry. Lay Orders of the Knighthood.

Ročník: 3 | Číslo: 2/1999 | Stránky: 3 - 27